The STI Almost Everyone Gets and How to Protect Yourself

No one wants a sexually transmitted infection. However, for most people, the most common one isn’t even on their radar.

Human papillomavirus, or HPV, is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide according to the CDC. In fact, health experts estimate that nearly nine out of ten sexually active people will get HPV at some point in their lives. 

The reason HPV isn’t often seen as a threat is because it's relatively silent. For many, the virus doesn’t cause any symptoms and often clears it on its own. But there is a hidden risk: HPV infection can have serious long-term effects. In the United States alone, HPV is linked to more than 36,000 cancer cases every year. About 10,800 of these are cervical cancer.

“The cervix is the entrance to a woman’s womb,” explained Dr. Sarah Truong, OB-GYN with Aspirus Health. “Cervical cancer is almost always caused by HPV.”

HPV has also been connected to cancers of the vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and throat. Certain strains can cause genital warts, most of which are harmless. But they can be uncomfortable and difficult to get rid of. In rare cases, HPV can cause warts to grow in the throat and impact breathing.

The good news is that a widely available vaccine can offer protection. “The HPV vaccine greatly reduces the risk of developing HPV-related cancers and other serious health problems,” said Dr. Truong. “While it doesn’t completely eliminate the spread of the virus, it does greatly lower the risk of passing the STI to partners.”

The HPV vaccine is recommended for everyone. Health experts say it works best when it is given before exposure to the virus. That is why its recommended at younger ages:

• Vaccination can begin as early as age nine. 

• Ages 11 to 12 are considered the ideal window. 

• Adults can still benefit, and the CDC recommends vaccination up to age 26.

Pap smears are also very important. Cervical cancer often doesn’t show symptoms until it is more advanced. Most women should start Pap smears at 21 and then continue every three years until 29. From 30 to 65, the tests are usually done every three to five years. A primary care doctor or OB-GYN can help determine the best schedule for each woman.

“With January being Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, it’s a great time to make sure you and your loved ones are protected,” said Dr. Truong. “Women, stay up to date on your Pap smears. Taking these steps can prevent serious disease and give you peace of mind.”

To make an appointment with Dr. Truong or another provider at Aspirus St. Luke’s Clinic – Duluth – Obstetrics & Gynecology, call 218-249-4700. To find a doctor near you, visit aspirus.org to use the Find a Doctor tool.