The 3 Types of Skin Cancers and How to Spot Them

May is Skin Cancer Awareness Month

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States, with an estimated 1 in 5 Americans developing it by age 70. In fact, there are more new cases of skin cancer each year than all other cancers combined.  

 

This is not just an issue affecting older adults. “Melanoma is one of the more common cancers we see in people's 20s and 30s,” shared Heather Buchholz, MD, a dermatologist at Aspirus Health. 

 

However, when detected early, most skin cancers are highly treatable. In recognition of Skin Cancer Awareness Month, Dr. Buchholz highlights the three main types and how to spot them. 
Melanoma The most dangerous type is called melanoma. Early detection is especially critical with this type of skin cancer, as it spreads the fastest. It can also be fatal if left untreated. To spot it, just remember ABCDE:  

• Asymmetry: one half doesn’t match the other
• Border: irregular, jagged, or blurred edges
• Color: uneven or multiple shades (brown, black, red, white, or even blue)
• Diameter: often larger than a pencil eraser, though it can be smaller
• Evolving: changes in size, shape, color, or symptoms 

Basal cell carcinoma
This type of skin cancer is rarely life-threatening. However, it can damage the surrounding tissues, cartilage, or bone if left untreated. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer we see in the clinic. To spot it, look for:

•  Pearly or waxy bump on the skin
• Flat, flesh-colored or scar-like lesion
• Sore that won’t heal, or bleeds with minimal friction 

Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer. It grows more quickly than basal cell carcinoma and has a higher risk of spreading. To spot it, look for:

• Rough, scaly red patch
• Raised growth or wart-like bump
• Tender persistent bump or scaly site 

Preventing skin cancer While skin cancer can sound intimidating, Dr. Buchholz stresses that many cases are preventable with consistent habits. “There is a lot within our control when it comes to reducing the risk of skin cancer,” she said. “Wear a hat and use a broad-spectrum sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB rays. Reapply after sweating or after about two hours in the sun.” 

 

She also encourages everyone to make sunscreen a year-round habit. “People often ask if they need sunscreen in the winter or on cloudy days, and the answer is yes,” Dr. Buchholz said. “UV rays still penetrate clouds, and snow can reflect sunlight.” 

 

If you ever notice something suspicious, talk to your primary care provider right away. “Any growing or changing site on the skin really warrants evaluation,” Dr. Buchholz said.” Don’t just document it for yourself. Go seek help from an expert in clinic.” 

 

To find a compassionate, expert Aspirus provider near you, visit aspirus.org to use the Find a Doctor tool. 

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